Effect of integrated weed management practice on bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Integrated weed management strategies for maize zea mays. In addition to increasing grain yields, the use of glyphosate, cover crops, conservation tillage, and narrow rows are important weed management practices that can be integrated into z. Integrated weed management strategies for maize zea mays production on the. The beginning of the critical period varied from the 3 to 14leaf stages of corn development however, the end of the critical period was less variable and ended on average at the 14leaf stage.
Pdf integrated weed management for maize crop in croatia. As there are limitations of every weed control method therefore integrated weed management is a good option for sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the most costeffective integrated weed management iwm approach in maize in eastern uganda. Increasing the population density of maize by 300% i. Pdf weed management in maize using crop competition. Water management practices are an integral part of any rice weed management program and greatly influence the efficacy of many herbicides. Yield losses by weeds in maize crop and demonstrated efficacy of various mulches in weed management led to check the efficacy of various. Oct 01, 2004 integrated weed management iwm, which involves the combination of two or more weed control practices, has been identified as a viable alternative to the current methods of weed control in smallholder farms akobundu 1992, akobundu 1996. Appropriate planting patternsspacing and optimal plant density, improved timing, placement, and amount of nutrient application 3. Exploring costeffective maize integrated weed management. The use of preemergence herbicides, hoe weeding and live mulch of herbaceous cover plants in a maize cassava intercrop was investigated at the teaching. The response of maize and weeds to crossflaming was evaluated in terms of grain yield, weed density after flame weeding, and weed dry biomass at harvest. Weed dry matter was 60% more in the farmers control than in velvetbean combined with 40,000 maize plants ha. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production.
Maize hybrids did not differ in their effects on weed growth and grain yield. Integrated weed and nutrient management improve yield. When glyphosateresistant corn was introduced in 1999, there was little research available for designing weed management programs utilizing glyphosate. This paper presents the results obtained from the combination of mechanical and. Pdf integrated weed management iwm is an approach to managing weeds using multiple control tactics. Agriculrure, mata gujri college, fatehgarh sahib to study t he effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield attributes of maize under kharif season ze a mays l. Oct 01, 2016 crop competition in maize may involve techniques such as reduced row spacing, increased planting density, and the use of competitive cultivars that exhibit weed suppressive potential. Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for. Birhanu gebeyehu plant science department, mekdela amba university, south wollo, ethiopia. Improving weed management and crop productivity in maize. Hence, it is proposed to test the new post emergence herbicides without residual effect in maize has greater field applicability.
To minimize the maize yield loss due to weed competition, farmers are practicing several methods for controlling the weeds are available such as mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical control methods. In addition, a comprehensive iwm approach will also anticipate potential weed problems and changes will be made to prevent them from developing. Rice and maize are both highnutrientdemanding crops. The evolution of herbicideresistant hr weeds in maize and soybean has been a major. An integrated weed management strategy for glufosinateresistant corn zea mays1.
They are more adapted to competition and, if not controlled, the maize yield will decline. Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for maize in. Iwm consists of physical, cultural, chemical, and biological means figure 1 developed on knowledge of weed ecology and biology. In maize production, weed management is considered as an important agronomic measure for attaining the potential yield. Integrated weed management applicable to intercropping systems are combinations of low rates of herbicides for preemergence weed control with cultural weeding after peak labour demand which usually occurs at the. The late growing weeds reduce the crop yield by competition, remain green to interfere and produce a large number of seeds that may produce future infestation in crop clay et al. Iwm can lead to sustainable food production, minimize drudgery, and reduce the cost of removing weeds. Agriculture college, angrau, tirupati517 502, india received.
Weed management is an important component of plant protection improving the production potential of crops. Integrated weed management iwm is a strategy for weed control that considers the use of all available weed control techniques, including preventative measures, monitoring, crop rotations, tillage, crop competition, herbicide rotation, herbicide mixtures, biological controls, nutrition, irrigation, burning, etc. The critical period of weed control in corn ranges from 1 to 8 weeks after the crop. For landowners and managers with no or relatively little weed management experience, we have endeavored to present information regarding the philosophy and practice of weed management in a chronological fashion which will lead you through the process of developing and implementing an effective weed management plan for your lands. After a wide scale onfarm evaluation of integrated weed management across iowa, hartzler et al. A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 20102011 and 20112012 to identify the most effective integrated weed management iwm practice for enhancing the production and productivity of maize wheat cropping system. Angiras nn and rana ss 2011 integrated weed management in maize. Weed control in glyphosateresistant corn with the advent of herbicideresistant crops, new options for weed control are available for cropping systems. Weed management in glyphosateresistant corn zea mays l. Weeds compete with the maize for nutrients, water and space. Effective fertilizer management is also an important component of integrated weed management systems blackshaw et al. It includes management of the weeds in a way that the crop sustains its production potential without being harmed by the weeds. Furthermore, integration of narrower irs with other weed management treatments enhance maize grain yield there by improving weed control efficiency.
Weed control in maize with gliricidia intercropping scielo. Growth, maize, yield attributes and yield, weed control efficiency. Jul 10, 2014 flaming for weed control has been receiving attention of several corn producers in north central usa and europe, and it can be an important tool in an integrated weed management program. In the second unit principles and methods of weed control, concept of integrated weed management, principles of chemical weed control and weed control through bioherbicides are discussed. Economic viability of integrated weed management in maize cassava intercrop was assessed using data obtained from research conducted in 2002 and 2004 cropping seasons in the southern guinea savanna ecological zone of nigeria. Efforts are needed to reduce crop losses due to pests through. The use of inorganic fertilizers for enhancing food grain production is unavoidable. The first and most immediate concern is limiting the amount of damage weeds inflict on an associated crop through competition for resources, release of allelopathic chemicals, and physical intetference with maintenance and harvest operations. Maize is a widespread row crop in europe that offers several opportunities for implementing iwm based on combinations of nonchemical and chemical weed control methods. Herbicide or velvetbean in combination with medium maize density and weeding three times 2, 4, and 6 wap is recommended for weed management in the. Profitability of maize wheat cropping system in southern rajasthan. Appropriate crop rotation, tillage practices, and cover crops 4. The treatments included preemergence herbicides, pe atrazine, metribuzin and oxyfluorfen with and without hoeing, postemergence herbicides, poe 2,4d, and smother crop two rows of cowpea simultaneously raised and mulched at 25 days after sowing. Bag 2004 mazowe, zimbabwe b department of agronomy, university of fort hare.
Integrated weed management 112 croplife international. An integrated weed management may be defined as the combination of two or more weed control methods at low input levels to reduce weed competition in a given cropping system below the economical threshold level. The grains of maize are used in a variety of ways by the human beings. Integrated chemical and manual weed management in maize production under conservation agriculture ca on a sandy soil in zimbabwe a ab c eunice mangosho, hupenyu allan mupambwa, christian thierfelder a department of research and specialist services, agronomy research institute, weed research team, p. Integrated weed management iwm means integrating multiple weed control tactics into a single weed management program, optimizing control of a particular weed problem. Agronomy free fulltext integrated weed management in.
Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for maize. The critical period of weed control in grain corn zea. Integrated weed management iwm is being practiced by indian farmers, with the level of adoption varying from one. Maize, weeds, herbicides, economics, integrated weed management, sustainable production. She is the seventh largest country in the world and the second. The farmers control was higher in weed species diversity with setaria pallidefusca, vernonia galamensis, and boerhavia erecta as the dominant species. In addition, costs involved in weed management constitute a significant share of total cost of production. Weed management mainly focuses on annual weeds than perennial weeds. Management tactics often used in integrated weed management illustration by annie klodd. The past several decades have seen simplified weed control practices that rely heavily on a few popular herbicides. Uterature on earlier work pertaining to weeds and weed management practices in maize and groundnut were collected under some broad headings like weed spectrum in maize and groundnut, crop weed competition, methods of weed control.
An integrated approach to control glyphosateresistant ambrosia tri. Pdf integrated chemical and manual weed management in maize. An integrated weed management iwm model for maize crop nicolaie ionescu1, aurelian penescu1, sorin gabriel ionescu2 1agricultural research and development station pite ti, pite tislatina road no 5, 117030, pite ti, romania 2university of agronomic sciences and veterinary medicine of bucharest, 59 m r ti blvd, district 1, 011464, bucharest, romania. Increased world population will demand more food production, which can only be achieved by increasing crop yields and applying a sustainable approach, i. Maize cropping substantial reductions in herbicide input can. Integrated weed management in maize zea mays request pdf. However, the rapid spread of herbicideresistant weeds has required farmers to incorporate alternative weed. An improved understanding of weed ecology and an ability to understand which weed species are most problematic, and to comprehend the significance of this information when selecting from weed control techniques is also crucial. Study on integrated weed management in maize groundnut based cropping system is in its infancy. Glyphosate as a tool for the incorporation of new herbicide options in integrated weed management in maize. The results are shown as weed evolution expressed by the species number, both on the interval. Effect of crop density on weed interference in maize. Annuals complete their lifecycle from seed to seed in less than one year or in. Glyphosate as a tool for the incorporation of new herbicide.
Five biological lpg doses 0, 52, 65, 104, and kg ha1 were applied at different maize growth stages once 2 and 5leaf and twice 2leaf the first time and 16 days after the first time. Pdf integrated weed management in maize cultivation. Maize cropping substantial reductions in herbicide input. Integrated weed management experiential learning modules for sustainable intensification and agricultural service provision book 2 timothy j. A practical guide for integrated weed management in mid. Pdf on jul 31, 2017, khawar jabran and others published integrated weed management in maize cultivation. Request pdf integrated weed management in maize zea mays a field experiment was conducted at almora during 199496 to find out most effective control measure for weeds in rainyseason maize. The area and production under maize in the world in 202014 was 177 m ha with 967 mt.
Weeds can be controlled effectively by integrated weed management. Arshadul hoque3, apurba roy1, virender kumar4, israil hossain3, khaled hossain1, sumona shahrin7, mahesh kumar gathala1, anil shrestha5 and sheikh md. Weed management in maize using hoeing and intercropping with. The weed management tool kit for organic forming weed management has three critical concerns. Integrated weed management iwm is a broad term covering many methods that can be combined and applied in various ways to the crop to constitute an iwm strategy. Use of herbicides is still the primary, efficient, and the most economical way for weed control in corn, but their use should be based on a sound management. The critical period of weed control in grain corn zea mays. Integrated weed management in maize unlagronomy university.
Bag 2004 mazowe, zimbabwe b department of agronomy, university of fort hare, p. Weed pressures were established by varying the weedfree period after maize planting. Abstract a field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 20102011 and 20112012 to identify the most effective integrated weed management iwm practice for enhancing the. Current awareness about the environmental impact of intensive agriculture, mainly pesticides and herbicides, has driven the research community and the government institutions to program and develop new ecofriendly agronomic practices for pest control. Maize was grown at three plant densities 4, 7, and 10 plants m. The use of crop competition is a potentially valuable cultural weed control strategy in integrated weed management iwm programs mohammadi et al. Pdf integrated chemical and manual weed management in.
Crossflaming application for intrarow weed control in maize. Suitable choice of mechanical, biological, and chemical weed. Integrated weed management for maize crop in croatia. In this scenario, integrated pest management and integrated weed management iwm have become mandatory. It is grown for fodder as well as for grain purpose in nwfp.
The effects of different measures within maize cropping technology, aimed to suppress weeds as a part of integrated weed management iwm system, are analysed and evaluated in this manuscript, in line with the results of longterm experiments. In order to better grasp the importance of integrated weed management, farmers will benefit. The effects of different measures within maize cropping technology, aimed to suppress weeds as a part of integrated weed management iwm system, are. Integrated weed management in longterm maize cultivation. A weed dynamics evaluation author inigo loureiro, ines santinmontanya, mariaconcepcion escorial, esteban garciaruiz, guillermo cobos, ismael sanchezramos, susana pascual, manuel gonzaleznunez and mariacristina chueca. This complex of weed control methods could be more accepted part of the rules integrated weed management iwm of maize auld, 1996. The gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing durations of weed control and weed interference, respectively. The objective of the study was to formulate a more pro. Olorunmaiye, patience mojibade 1 and olorunmaiye, kehinde. Pdf integrated weed management practices enhance maize zea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with threereplications.
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